Standards
Develop and implement algorithms and pseudocode to solve complex problems.
Generate resourceDevelop secure programs that utilize combinations of nested loops, compound conditionals, procedures with and without parameters, and the manipulation of variables representing different data types.
Generate resourceDecompose problems and subproblems into parts to facilitate the secure design, implementation, and review of complex programs.
Generate resourceCreate and use a function with parameters in a program to repeat instructions in order to organize code and make it easier to reuse.
Generate resourceSeek and incorporate feedback from team members and users to refine the solution to a problem that meets the needs of a diverse group of users.
Generate resourceIncorporate existing code, media, and libraries into original programs of increasing complexity, from secure sources, and give appropriate attribution.
Generate resourceDevelop a method or implement an existing method to systematically test and refine existing and original programs using user input and secure software development guidance.
Generate resourceEvaluate communication between participants to determine best practices in collaboration when developing computational artifacts.
Generate resourceDocument complex programs, using multiple methods, in order to make them easier to understand, test, and debug.
Generate resourceCreate clearly named variables of different data types that utilize naming conventions to improve program readability; perform operations on variable values.
Generate resourceDevelop and implement a process to evaluate existing computing devices and make recommendations for improvements to design based on analysis of user interaction and other lenses.
Generate resourceDesign and refine systems where secure hardware and software are combined to collect, store, retrieve, and exchange data and explain why specific components were chosen for optimality.
Generate resourceSystematically identify and fix problems with computing devices and their interfaced components by using a structured system such as a troubleshooting flow diagram.
Generate resourceDevelop and implement a refined process that uses computational tools to transform data to a more useful and reliable state
Generate resourceRefine existing or develop and implement new computational models based on observed and generated data.
Generate resourceEvaluate different schemes of encoding data in order to effectively choose the most appropriate method of representation.
Generate resourceCompare the tradeoffs associated with computing concepts (e.g., automation, communication, privacy, cybersecurity), explaining their effects on economics and global societies.
Generate resourceAnalyze issues of bias and accessibility that occur in the design of everyday computing technologies, the role and responsibility of the designer, and make recommendations for how these issues could be rectified to reduce bias.
Generate resourceCommunicate and publish key ideas and details individually or collaboratively in a way that informs, persuades, and/or entertains using a variety of digital tools and media-rich resources.
Generate resourceDiscuss the social impacts and ethical considerations associated with cybersecurity, including the positive and malicious purposes of hacking.
Generate resourceEvaluate physical and digital security measures that have been developed and implemented to protect electronic information; discuss the impacts of hacking, ransomware, scams, fake scams, and ethical/legal concerns.
Generate resourceModel and explain how data is sent using protocols to choose the fastest pathway, to deal with missing information, and to deliver data securely.
Generate resourceDevelop and use a model of the Earth-sun-moon system to describe the cyclic patterns of lunar phases, eclipses of the sun and moon, and seasons.
Generate resourceDevelop and use a model to describe the role of gravity in the motions within galaxies and the solar system.
Generate resourceAnalyze and interpret data to determine scale properties of objects in the solar system.
Generate resourceConstruct a scientific explanation based on evidence from rock strata for how the geologic time scale is used to organize Earth's 4.6-billion-year-old history.
Generate resourceDevelop a model to describe the cycling of Earth's materials and the flow of energy that drives this process.
Generate resourceConstruct an explanation based on evidence for how geoscience processes have changed Earth's surface at varying time and spatial scales.
Generate resourceAnalyze and interpret data on the distribution of fossils and rocks, continental shapes, and seafloor structures to provide evidence of the past plate motions.
Generate resourceDevelop a model to describe the cycling of water through Earth's systems driven by energy from the sun and the force of gravity.
Generate resourceCollect data to provide evidence for how the motions and complex interactions of air masses results in changes in weather conditions.
Generate resourceDevelop and use a model to describe how unequal heating and rotation of the Earth cause patterns of atmospheric and oceanic circulation that determine regional climates.
Generate resourceConstruct a scientific explanation based on evidence for how the uneven distributions of Earth's mineral, energy, and groundwater resources are the result of past and current geoscience processes.
Generate resourceAnalyze and interpret data on natural hazards to forecast future catastrophic events and inform the development of technologies to mitigate their effects.
Generate resourceApply scientific principles to design a method for monitoring and minimizing a human impact on the environment.
Generate resourceConstruct an argument supported by evidence for how increases in human population and per-capita consumption of natural resources impact Earth's systems.
Generate resourceAsk questions to clarify evidence of the factors that have caused the rise in global temperatures over the past century.
Generate resourceDefine the criteria and constraints of a design problem with sufficient precision to ensure a successful solution, taking into account relevant scientific principles and potential impacts on people and the natural environment that may limit possible solutions.
Generate resourceEvaluate competing design solutions using a systematic process to determine how well they meet the criteria and constraints of the problem.
Generate resourceAnalyze data from tests to determine similarities and differences among several design solutions to identify the best characteristics of each that can be combined into a new solution to better meet the criteria for success.
Generate resourceDevelop a model to generate data for iterative testing and modification of a proposed object, tool, or process such that an optimal design can be achieved.
Generate resourceConduct an investigation to provide evidence that living things are made of cells, either one cell or many different numbers and types of cells.
Generate resourceDevelop and use a model to describe the function of a cell as a whole and ways parts of cells contribute to the function.
Generate resourceUse argument supported by evidence for how the body is a system of interacting subsystems composed of groups of cells.
Generate resourceUse argument based on empirical evidence and scientific reasoning to support an explanation for how characteristic animal behaviors and specialized plant structures affect the probability of successful reproduction of animals and plants respectively.
Generate resourceConstruct a scientific explanation based on evidence for how environmental and genetic factors influence the growth of organisms.
Generate resourceConstruct a scientific explanation based on evidence for the role of photosynthesis in the cycling of matter and flow of energy into and out of organisms.
Generate resourceDevelop a model to describe how food is rearranged through chemical reactions forming new molecules that support growth and/or release energy as this matter moves through an organism.
Generate resourceGather and synthesize information that sensory receptors respond to stimuli by sending messages to the brain for immediate behavior or storage as memories.
Generate resourceAnalyze and interpret data to provide evidence for the effects of resource availability on organisms and populations of organisms in an ecosystem.
Generate resourceConstruct an explanation that predicts patterns of interactions among organisms across multiple ecosystems.
Generate resourceDevelop a model to describe the cycling of matter and flow of energy among living and nonliving parts of an ecosystem.
Generate resourceConstruct an argument supported by empirical evidence that changes to physical or biological components of an ecosystem affect populations.
Generate resourceEvaluate competing design solutions for maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem services.
Generate resourceDevelop and use a model to describe why structural changes to genes (mutations) located on chromosomes may affect proteins and may result in harmful, beneficial, or neutral effects to the structure and function of the organism.
Generate resourceDevelop and use a model to describe why asexual reproduction results in offspring with identical genetic information and sexual reproduction results in offspring with genetic variation.
Generate resourceAnalyze and interpret data for patterns in the fossil record that document the existence, diversity, extinction, and change of life forms throughout the history of life on Earth under the assumption that natural laws operate today as in the past.
Generate resourceApply scientific ideas to construct an explanation for the anatomical similarities and differences among modern organisms and between modern and fossil organisms to infer evolutionary relationships.
Generate resourceAnalyze displays of pictorial data to compare patterns of similarities in the embryological development across multiple species to identify relationships not evident in the fully formed anatomy.
Generate resourceConstruct an explanation based on evidence that describes how genetic variations of traits in a population increase some individuals' probability of surviving and reproducing in a specific environment.
Generate resourceGather and synthesize information about the technologies that have changed the way humans influence the inheritance of desired traits in organisms.
Generate resourceUse mathematical representations to support explanations of how natural selection may lead to increases and decreases of specific traits in populations over time.
Generate resourceDevelop models to describe the atomic composition of simple molecules and extended structures.
Generate resourceAnalyze and interpret data on the properties of substances before and after the substances interact to determine if a chemical reaction has occurred.
Generate resourceGather and make sense of information to describe that synthetic materials come from natural resources and impact society.
Generate resourceDevelop a model that predicts and describes changes in particle motion, temperature, and state of a pure substance when thermal energy is added or removed.
Generate resourceDevelop and use a model to describe how the total number of atoms does not change in a chemical reaction and thus mass is conserved.
Generate resourceUndertake a design project to construct, test, and modify a device that either releases or absorbs thermal energy by chemical processes.
Generate resourceApply Newton's Third Law to design a solution to a problem involving the motion of two colliding objects.
Generate resourcePlan an investigation to provide evidence that the change in an object's motion depends on the sum of the forces on the object and the mass of the object.
Generate resourceAsk questions about data to determine the factors that affect the strength of electric and magnetic forces.
Generate resourceConstruct and present arguments using evidence to support the claim that gravitational interactions are attractive and depend on the masses of interacting objects.
Generate resourceConduct an investigation and evaluate the experimental design to provide evidence that fields exist between objects exerting forces on each other even though the objects are not in contact.
Generate resourceConstruct and interpret graphical displays of data to describe the relationships of kinetic energy to the mass of an object and to the speed of an object.
Generate resourceDevelop a model to describe that when the arrangement of objects interacting at a distance changes, different amounts of potential energy are stored in the system.
Generate resourceApply scientific principles to design, construct, and test a device that either minimizes or maximizes thermal energy transfer.
Generate resourcePlan an investigation to determine the relationships among the energy transferred, the type of matter, the mass, and the change in the average kinetic energy of the particles as measured by the temperature of the sample.
Generate resourceConstruct, use, and present arguments to support the claim that when the kinetic energy of an object changes, energy is transferred to or from the object.
Generate resourceUse mathematical representations to describe a simple model for waves that includes how the amplitude of a wave is related to the energy in a wave.
Generate resourceDevelop and use a model to describe that waves are reflected, absorbed, or transmitted through various materials.
Generate resourceIntegrate qualitative scientific and technical information to support the claim that digitized signals (sent as wave pulses) are a more reliable way to encode and transmit information.
Generate resource